197 / 330
臺大管理論叢
第
27
卷第
2
期
197
unchanged), (ii) market demand is (or will be) increasing and (iii) market demand is (or will
be) decreasing. Thus, for the sake of simplicity, this investigation focused mainly on these
three scenarios. If more than half of the 10 experts considered a criterion important, that
criterion will be selected in this research.
Questionnaire 2 served to determine the weight of each criterion. To determine the
weights, the same 10 experts were asked to rate each important criterion with the scale of
1-10, with 1 being the least important and 10 being the most important. Questionnaire 3 was
about the measurement of each criterion for each supplier, and was given to the experts with
knowledge of the suppliers.
In order to take into account the risk-taking behaviors of the company, the risk was
incorporated in the utility function. Specifically, Equations (3) and (4) were employed to
compute the utility of each criterion. The parameter of risk aversion
r
= 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0,
1.5, and 2.0, representing different risk-taking behaviors. Note that the decision-maker is
risk-averse if 0 <
r
< 1, risk-neutral if
r
= 1, and risk-seeking if
r
> 1.
4.1 Survey Results
Table 2 shows the rank of the attributes according to their importance (i.e., average rates
of 10 experts). As can be seen, quality got the highest rate with an average of 8.90, closely
followed by cost/price, with a rate of 8.80. Hence, quality is the most important attribute
when looking for a supplier and that the cost/price of the raw material is almost as important
as quality. Infrastructure, however, got the lowest rate with an average rate of 6.30.
Table 2 Ranks of Attributes with Average Rates
Rank
Attributes
Average rates
1
Quality
8.90
2
Cost/Price
8.80
3
Capability
7.70
4
Reliability
7.40
5
Attitude
6.60
6
Infrastructure
6.30
Table 3 shows the criteria considered important by the 10 experts under the three
different scenarios. Criteria such as orders are fulfilled, providing damage orders, unit price,
monthly capacity were all selected in the three scenarios. On the other hand, attitude was not
considered important when market demand is increasing, shrinking or stable.