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human psychology in decision-making, it is often advantageous to use non-linear functions.
The utility theory offers a deep and complex literature for choosing value functions (Von
Winterfeldt and Edwards, 1986; Edwards, 1977). The advantage of SMART is that the
decision model is independent of the alternatives, so changing the number of alternatives
under consideration will not in itself change the decision scores of the original alternatives.
Moreover, SMART is one of the easiest tools for comparing multi-attribute decisions, as it
can be easily implemented using a spreadsheet (Olson and Wu, 2010).
When SMART is employed to deal with the supplier selection problem, it analyzes
suppliers’ capability to meet the needs of the company and compares several suppliers and
evaluates them accordingly (Barla, 2003). Barla (2003) demonstrated the effectiveness (and
simplicity) of the SMART through an empirical case study in the glass industry; this
approach successfully identified the best suppliers (or subcontractors) for the case company.
Huang and Keskar (2007) showed that the SMART is more efficient than the AHP and at
least as effective as the AHP for the supplier selection problem. The SMART and its variants
have been applied not only in the supplier selection problem, but also in many other areas,
including e-commerce (Huang, 2011), construction management (Chen, Okudan, and Riley,
2010), computer communication (Yang and Tseng, 2013), energy management (Wang, Jing,
Zhang, and Zhao, 2009), and supply chain management (Yang, Wen, and Wang, 2011). All of
the literature indicates that the SMART is a simple yet effective MCDM method.
3. Methodology
3.1 Attributes
Table 1 lists the attributes and criteria compiled from the literature of supplier selection
in Barla (2003), Coyle, Langley, Novack, and Gibson (2013), Ho et al. (2010), and Sanayei,
Farid Mousavi, Abdi, and Mohaghar (2008). These attributes and criteria are the most widely
considered in the relevant literature and hence, represent a comprehensive list of factors that
need to be taken into account in supplier evaluation and selection. All the attributes and
criteria are included in the questionnaire of the present case study.