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臺大管理論叢
第
26
卷第
2
期
263
We conducted hierarchical regression analyses to test our hypotheses. The results reveal
that both time pressure and work overload are positively related to burnout but do not
influence learning effort. Method autonomy is negatively related to burnout and positively
related to learning effort. Criteria autonomy is related to learning effort but does not relate to
burnout. In addition, both of the two-way interactions between time pressure (work
overload) and method autonomy (criteria autonomy) are negatively related to burnout. Only
the interaction between work overload and criteria autonomy is positively related to leaning
effort. The results further indicated that the three-way interaction of time pressure, method
autonomy, and fairness perception is significantly related to burnout (
β
= -0.20,
p
< 0.05) and
learning effort (
β
= 0.23,
p
< 0.01). The three-way interaction of work overload, criteria
autonomy, and fairness perception was significantly related to burnout (
β
= -0.20,
p
< 0.05)
and weakly related to learning effect (
β
= 0.16,
p
< 0.1). To see whether the forms of the
interactions matched Hypotheses 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b, we plotted them with the procedures
described by Aiken and West (1991) and Jaccard et al. (1990), using values of plus and
minus one standard deviation for the moderator variables (method autonomy, criteria
autonomy and fairness perception). As shown in four figures, all relationships shown in the
four figures are consistent with our theoretical arguments. Therefore, Hypotheses 1a, 1b and
2a are supported and 2b is weakly supported.
5. Originality/Contribution
We investigate the potential moderating role of FP in the JDC model. To our
knowledge, no prior study has looked closely at this moderating effect. We improve the
methods more comprehensively by examining the hypotheses using the methods described
by Lin and Miao (2004). By doing so, we can more certainly assure that our findings indeed
result from the interaction of JD, JC, and FP. Our findings support FP moderating the
interaction of JD and JC; this indicates that JDC model is useful only for employees with
higher levels of FP. The findings suggest that the JDC model developed by Karasek should
be applied under appropriate conditions or it may lead to the opposite of the desired effects.
In addition, our findings demonstrate that the match of specific JD and JC, such as time
pressure and method autonomy or overload and criteria autonomy, is critical in predicting
burnout and learning effort. The finding suggests that the specific job control (instead of
general control) matched with specific job demand should be used in job designs when job
demands are high.