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發言或緘默：心理安全與自我效能在社會資本影響社群網站使用者知識分享行為上所扮演的中介角色
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capabilities influence people’s perceptions of self-efficacy.
2.3.1 Cognitive Capability
Bandura (1981) contends that the types of cues individuals have learned to use (e.g., the
cognitive processing of self-efficacy information) can influence personal efficacy. In social
learning studies, self-efficacy stems from four sources of information (Bandura, 1982). First,
“performance accomplishment” provides the most influential source of self-efficacy
information because it is based on previous mastery experiences. Previous successful (failed)
experiences increase (decrease) self-efficacy. Second, self-efficacy is influenced by
“vicarious experiences of observing others’ success through their efforts,” because seeing
similar others’ successful performance can increase the self-efficacy of observers who judge
themselves with similar capabilities of fulfilling comparable activities. Third, “verbal
persuasion and allied types of social influences that individuals possess certain capabilities to
cope with situations successfully,” indicating that individuals believe that their own
capabilities help them achieve goals. Verbal persuasion has the greatest impact on
individuals who believe that they can effect certain outcomes through their actions
(Chambliss and Murray, 1979a, 1979b). Fourth, an individual’s “physiological state” when
facing challenges can affect self-efficacy. Individuals interpret their physical arousal in a
stressful situation as a signal of vulnerability to failure. Because high arousal can lead to
failed performance, individuals tend to expect success when they are not defeated by such
arousal.
2.3.2 Social Capability
Social capability, such as support and interpersonal trust in the social environments and
an individual’s centrality in the social network, can also affect self-efficacy. Social
environments may either put constraints on what individuals can do or assist them in doing
something properly. For example, in Bandura (1982) study on post-coronary rehabilitation
(i.e., recovering from a heart attack), patients’ self-efficacy was affected not only by their
cognitive capability but also by their social capability. In recovery processes, the
reconstruction of self-efficacy to health promotion must be salient. Usually, psychological
recovery in resuming their vocational and social lives is slow for patients who have had a
heart attack. In other words, psychological recovery from a heart attack is not an individual
but a social matter; those with spousal support tend to have higher self-efficacy.
Interpersonal trust also affects self-efficacy. Within the online context, one important
dimension of relationships is how community members with common interests and shared
goals establish peer relationships and interpersonal trust (Tseng and Kuo, 2010). As more