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Yuan€Б݁৫਷࢕߅ኪʿҦஔ։ࡰึɛ˖ٟึ߅ኪ޼Ӻʕːfor sponsoring our
editorial personnel. Their support has provided invaluable assistance to our conferences,
workshops, and publication efforts, as well as subsidies for open-access publishing and
digital dissemination.

Introduction of This Issue
The following section briefly introduces the articles published in this issue. The first
article titled “Ambiguity Increases and Insurance Deductibles” in the field of Finance by
Huang and Tsai explores the impact of an ambiguity increase on the optimal insurance
deductible for a risk- and ambiguity-averse individual under the uncertainty of a loss
distribution. The study proves that a straight deductible is optimal under the α-maxmin
model and demonstrates that for a loss below the initial optimal deductible, the optimal
deductible remains unchanged when possible distributions are unaffected by the ambiguity
increase. When the worst distribution is unaffected, but the best distribution deteriorates
in terms of first-order stochastic dominance, the optimal deductible becomes lower after
the ambiguity increase. If the cumulative loss probability is not preserved, the optimal
deductible decreases when, at the initial optimal deductible, the odds of obtaining partial
indemnity relative to no indemnity become larger under the loss distribution distorted by
ambiguity aversion.
The second article titled “Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Product Life Cycle
Value and Activity Value Management: A Case Study of P Channel Agent” in the field
of accounting by Li and Huang intends to develop a method for measuring Product Life
Cycle Value (PLCV). The study combines Activity Value Management (AVM) and utilizes
profit information produced by AVM as the foundation for estimating PLCV. The study
also incorporates Artificial Intelligence techniques to construct and validate predictive
models for PLCV, thereby enhancing forecasting accuracy and practical applicability.
From the perspective of a well-known domestic channel agent, this study explores the life
cycle duration and value of distributed products. Moreover, integrating with demographic
variables from the corresponding channel regions, this study identifies the key population
characteristics that influence profitability of the products with greater PLCV, hence
improving the effectiveness of resource allocation decisions.
The third article titled “Does Political Activism Matter for Firm Innovation
Capability” in the field of Finance by Chung, Huang, and Ding investigates the impact
of firms’ engagement in political activism on their corporate innovation capability, with