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The Smartphone Manufacturers’ New Product Development Performance in the Generation Transition of
Android Ecosystem: Exploiting Old Technologies to Enhance the Effects of Exploring New Technologies

The interaction between exploratory learning and exploitative learning also positively
impacts time-to-market.
Besides, model, the second dependent variable of this study, is a non-negative integer,
and the variance is greater than the mean. Thus, I use negative binomial regression and

fixed effects to test the three hypotheses. I find that the nationality or origin of smartphone
manufacturers does not affect models, whereas CPU chip manufacturers positively impact
the models. Furthermore, the screen resolution significantly impacts models, and corporate

revenue positively impacts models. However, the cooperative partnership between
smartphone manufacturers and Google has no significant impact on the models. Finally,
exploratory learning of the new-generation platform technologies and the exploitative
learning of the old-generation ones have significant impacts on models. The interaction
between exploratory learning of the new generation and exploitative learning of the old

generation also has a positive impact on the models.

5. Conclusions, Contribution and Future Research

Our analysis results show that both the exploitative learning in the old generation and
the explorative learning in the new generation of Android Operating System (OS) have
effectively improved smartphone manufacturers’ new product developments. In addition,
the higher the degree of exploitative learning in the old generation of Android OS, the

more it increases the positive impacts of explorative learning in the new generation of
Android OS on new product development performance of smartphone manufacturers.
This study has three theoretical contributions. First, I supplement the discussions
of past research on the governance mechanism of the platform-based ecosystem. This

research proposes that platform firms should not just simply provide standards and
disclose the platform’s interface. What more importantly is to help complementors
learn from the platform and successfully transit from the old platform to the new one.
Second, my research analysis shows that in a platform-based ecosystem with continuous

technological changes, the exploitative learning of complementors’ old-generation
platform technologies may contribute to the effect of exploratory learning on new
generation platforms. Therefore, platform firms should not only encourage complementors
to conduct exploratory learning, but should inspire the exploitative learning as well. Third,

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