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The Smartphone Manufacturers’ New Product Development Performance in the Generation Transition of
               Android Ecosystem: Exploiting Old Technologies to Enhance the Effects of Exploring New Technologies



               The interaction between exploratory learning and exploitative learning also positively
               impacts time-to-market.
                    Besides, model, the second dependent variable of this study, is a non-negative integer,
               and the variance is greater than the mean. Thus, I use negative binomial regression and

               fixed effects to test the three hypotheses. I find that the nationality or origin of smartphone
               manufacturers does not affect models, whereas CPU chip manufacturers positively impact
               the models. Furthermore, the screen resolution significantly impacts models, and corporate

               revenue positively impacts models. However, the cooperative partnership between
               smartphone manufacturers and Google has no significant impact on the models. Finally,
               exploratory learning of the new-generation platform technologies and the exploitative
               learning of the old-generation ones have significant impacts on models. The interaction
               between exploratory learning of the new generation and exploitative learning of the old

               generation also has a positive impact on the models.


                         5. Conclusions, Contribution and Future Research



                    Our analysis results show that both the exploitative learning in the old generation and
               the explorative learning in the new generation of Android Operating System (OS) have
               effectively improved smartphone manufacturers’ new product developments. In addition,
               the higher the degree of exploitative learning in the old generation of Android OS, the

               more it increases the positive impacts of explorative learning in the new generation of
               Android OS on new product development performance of smartphone manufacturers.
                    This study has three theoretical contributions. First, I supplement the discussions
               of past research on the governance mechanism of the platform-based ecosystem. This

               research proposes that platform firms should not just simply provide standards and
               disclose the platform’s interface. What more importantly is to help complementors
               learn from the platform and successfully transit from the old platform to the new one.
               Second, my research analysis shows that in a platform-based ecosystem with continuous

               technological changes, the exploitative learning of complementors’ old-generation
               platform technologies may contribute to the effect of exploratory learning on new
               generation platforms. Therefore, platform firms should not only encourage complementors
               to conduct exploratory learning, but should inspire the exploitative learning as well. Third,



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