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臺大管理論叢
2017/9
第
27
卷 第
3
期
1-32
DOI:10.6226/NTUMR.2017.DEC.A103-047
從動態競爭觀點審視作業流程管理的創新與改進
Process Innovation and Improvement: A Competitive Dynamics
Perspective
摘 要
營運暨策略管理文獻已廣泛討論透過採用業界認可之最佳管理實務來提升作業流程效
率及效力。過去相關研究主要探討一家處於追隨者地位的企業，如何學習該產業標竿
企業的最佳作業流程實務來發展並積累自身組織能耐，用以改進其營運績效。本研究
引用策略管理文獻之動態競爭觀點來深耕此研究脈絡。根據全球汽車產業的作業流程
創新與改進歷史和相關管理文獻的理論框架與實證研究，本文發展出一個動態模型並
藉此得到作業流程創新與改進的管理意涵。文章主要命題如下：雖然追隨企業可以投
資作業流程創新能耐來追求長期組織成長，但此舉將引起標竿企業的激烈競爭性回應。
為保持業界領先地位，標竿企業具有強烈的策略意圖來公開其最佳作業流程管理實務
以供追隨企業學習和採用；其目的在於誘導追隨企業投資短期見效的作業流程改進能
耐進而喪失創造嶄新業界作業流程管理實務的機會。本文闡述動態競爭對作業流程發
展及管理實務的重要性並影響業界最佳實務的演進與開創。
【關鍵字】
作業流程創新、作業流程改進、競爭策略、營運策略
Abstract
Operations and strategy literatures have consistently promoted the best practice of accredited
management standards for process efficiency and effectiveness. Based on the capability
theorizing, studies have investigated how a following firm can improve its operational
performance by learning from a leading firmʼs best practices. Our study extends this research
stream by applying competitive dynamics perspective from strategy literature to the context
of process development and management. We develop insights by applying a dynamic,
computational model based on an extensive appraisal of the history of process innovation
and improvement in the global automobile industry and draws on the underlying theoretical
relationships in the empirical literatures on operations and strategy. The core proposition in
our study is that a follower firmʼs investment in process innovation capabilities for long-term
growth will provoke strong retaliation from leading firms using the current best practice. We
demonstrate that the leading firm can publicly signal its best practice to induce the follower
firm to invest in process improvement capabilities but only for short-term survival, not for
long-term purposes or goals. In this way, the leader firm maintains its leading edge. Our
results also underscore the importance of competition in determining the firm-level process
development and management practices.
【
Keywords
】
process innovation, process improvement, competition, operations strategy
陳立民
/
國立政治大學企業管理學系助理教授
Li-Ming Chen
, Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, National Chengchi University
劉妍
/
利茲大學商學院講師
Yan Emma Liu
, Lecturer, Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds
楊曙榮
/
國立臺灣大學工商管理學系副教授
Shu-Jung Sunny Yang
, Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, National Taiwan
University
Received 2014/7, Final revision received 2014/12