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NTU Management Review Vol. 34 No. 2 Aug. 2024

and Klock, 2019). This results in two theoretical contributions: Firstly, among the many
factors influencing team performance, structural features (e.g., task interdependence),
compositional features (e.g., member churn), structural and mediating features (e.g.,
leadership), and compositional and mediating features (e.g., psychological safety) not only

affect team outcomes but also impact the team development process. In other words, the
factors that affect team development can be identified by understanding team performance.
Moreover, the literature review in Humphrey and Aime (2014) reveals that although

research on team performance has incorporated multi-temporal changes, it has less
often included issues of multilevel concerns. This study responds to this assertion by
incorporating cross-level, cross-temporal, and cross-theoretical aspects. The results
show that over time, specific inputs and mediating features change due to the interaction
of cross-level variables, such as individual psychological safety, group task scope and

leadership, and team constraints at the organizational level. Future research on team
performance should consider the dynamics and interactions among multilevel variables to
establish a more comprehensive theory.

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