Page 237 - 34-2

NTU Management Review Vol. 34 No. 2 Aug. 2024

Entwistle, G., Feltham, G., and Mbagwu, C. 2006. Misleading disclosure of pro forma
earnings: An empirical examination. Journal of Business Ethics, 69 (4): 355-
372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9095-4
Fairfield, P. M., Kitching, K. A., and Tang, V. W. 2009. Are special items informative
about future profit margins?. Review of Accounting Studies, 14 (2-3): 204-236.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-009-9084-9

Fama, E. F., and French, K. R. 1997. Industry costs of equity. Journal of Financial
Economics, 43 (2): 153-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(96)00896-3
Frankel, R., McVay, S., and Soliman, M. 2011. Non-GAAP earnings and board
independence. Review of Accounting Studies, 16 (4): 719-744. https://doi.

org/10.1007/s11142-011-9166-3
Gaver, J. J., and Gaver, K. M. 1998. The relation between nonrecurring accounting
transactions and CEO cash compensation. The Accounting Review, 73 (2): 235-
253.
Gu, Z., and Chen, T. 2004. Analysts’ treatment of nonrecurring items in street earnings.
Journal of Accounting and Economics, 38: 129-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/

j.jacceco.2004.09.002
Guggenmos, R. D., Rennekamp, K., Rupar, K., and Wang, S. 2022. The relationship
between non-GAAP earnings and aggressive estimates in reported GAAP
numbers. Journal of Accounting Research, 60 (5): 1915-1945. https://doi.
org/10.1111/1475-679X.12434

Heflin, F., and Hsu, C. 2008. The impact of the SEC’s regulation of non-GAAP
disclosures. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 46 (2-3): 349-365. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2008.07.002
Horton, J., Serafeim, G., and Serafeim, I. 2013. Does mandatory IFRS adoption improve
the information environment?. Contemporary Accounting Research, 30 (1):
388-423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2012.01159.x

Kolev, K., Marquardt, C. A., and McVay, S. E. 2008. SEC scrutiny and the evolution of
non‐GAAP reporting. The Accounting Review, 83 (1): 157-184. https://doi.
org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.1.157
Kolev, K. S., and Potepa, J. 2019. On the contemporaneous reporting of income-increasing
and income-decreasing special items: Initial evidence. https://papers.ssrn.com/

abstract=2418669. Accessed Apr. 13, 2023.

229