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Understanding People's Switching Intentions of Health Apps from Exterior and Interior Drivers

study leads to modifications of the measurements to improve the questionnaire, including
the clarity, wording, sequence of items, and statements. We then launch the main study
after these modifications.
4.1.2 Basic Information

This section collects basic information about respondents, including gender, age,
education, occupation, mobile device operating system, the number of health apps in his/
her mobile device, the year in which the health app is used, and the number of times the

health app was used in the last month. Some of these features are considered as control
variables, such as gender, age, and application experience.

4.2 Study Design and Procedure
The purpose of this study is to explore users’ switching intentions of health apps.

This research examines health apps like Apple Health, Google Fit, Fitbit, MyFitnessPal,
etc. These apps are designed to record users’ physical condition and thus lead to healthier
condition. To collect the questionnaire data, we adopt an online survey methodology

for the following reasons: First, it breaks geographical restrictions; second, it allows an
unlimited number of respondents; last, it costs less and response is quick (Denscombe,
2006). Therefore, we test the research model by collecting online survey data. Using
a perceptual experience method, we ask respondents to recall health apps they used in
the previous month, ensuring that respondents have a clear memory when they answer

the questionnaire. We publicly release the online survey on the health life board of PTT
bulletin board system and healthcare groups of Facebook; we conduct the survey from
February to March 2019. In the online questionnaire, we design a self-screening question

at the beginning of the questionnaire: “Are you currently “using” a health app; if not,
please do not fill up this questionnaire and skip it, thank you.” Therefore, we can recruit
the qualified participants.
Furthermore, we establish an award system to attract more respondents and drive
them to respond to the survey seriously. The procedure of the reward system is to request

the qualified participants to leave their email addresses so that we could create a list of
qualified participants. Once we finish the data collection, we randomly sample 10 qualified
participants from the pool and reward them the gift card (worth 3.3 US dollars). We

believe that such a system made our study more successful than previous studies which

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