臺大管理論叢 NTU Management Review VOL.30 NO.2

97 NTU Management Review Vol. 30 No. 2 Aug. 2020 Panel E. Descriptive statistics on the variables used in tests of the association between accrual-based earnings management and real activities manipulation for IFRS versus matched domestic samples IFRS Observations (n = 83) Matched Domestic Observations (n = 83) Probability Value c Variable d Mean Median Std. Dev. Mean Median Std. Dev. t -test a W-test b DA it -0.024 -0.042 0.117 -0.021 -0.015 0.182 0.922 0.130 RM_SUM it 0.040 0.045 0.165 0.009 0.000 0.168 0.250 0.026 RM_PROD it 0.012 0.004 0.108 0.003 -0.011 0.109 0.602 0.175 RM_DISX it 0.029 0.027 0.098 0.015 0.015 0.126 0.459 0.220 BBATH it 0.160 0.000 0.373 0.270 0.000 0.445 0.123 0.175 SM_SUM it 0.008 0.000 0.235 0.002 0.000 0.237 0.879 0.717 SM_PROD it 0.033 0.000 0.190 0.020 0.000 0.189 0.678 0.960 SM_DISX it 0.025 0.000 0.191 0.012 0.000 0.208 0.700 0.644 DEBT it 0.263 0.248 0.181 0.185 0.106 0.193 0.009 0.008 ST_DEBT it 0.313 0.201 0.295 0.412 0.330 0.323 0.056 0.085 BIG it 0.830 1.000 0.375 0.840 1.000 0.373 0.972 0.918 MV it 7.526 7.707 2.248 7.012 7 .001 2.070 0.149 0.063 EARN it 0.106 0.085 0.109 0.045 0.050 0.174 0.010 0.046 DA it-1 -0.004 -0.033 0.235 -0.020 -0.015 0.125 0.598 0.522 LTGN it 0.220 0.000 0.414 0.100 0.000 0.304 0.046 0.075 Panel F. Descriptive statistics on the variables used in tests of the association between accrual- based earnings management and real activities manipulation for U.S. GAAP versus IFRS samples U.S. GAAP Observations (n = 78) IFRS Observations (n = 83) Probability Value c Variable d Mean Median Std. Dev. Mean Median Std. Dev. t -test a W-test b DA it -0.123 -0.057 0.483 -0.024 -0.042 0.117 0.078 0.292 RM_SUM it 0.030 0.019 0.189 0.040 0.045 0.165 0.730 0.327 RM_PROD it 0.017 0.013 0.089 0.012 0.004 0.108 0.790 0.516 RM_DISX it 0.014 0.026 0.150 0.029 0.027 0.098 0.466 0.934 BBATH it 0.420 0.000 0.497 0.160 0.000 0.373 0.000 0.001 SM_SUM it 0.125 0.000 0.852 0.008 0.000 0.235 0.247 0.846 SM_PROD it 0.138 0.000 0.758 0.033 0.000 0.190 0.234 0.393 SM_DISX it 0.144 0.000 0.829 0.025 0.000 0.191 0.221 0.994 DEBT it 0.296 0.293 0.260 0.263 0.248 0.181 0.373 0.375 ST_DEBT it 0.220 0.090 0.289 0.313 0.201 0.295 0.051 0.043 BIG it 0.880 1.000 0.329 0.830 1.000 0.375 0.433 0.375 MV it 6.235 5.935 2.530 7.526 7.707 2.248 0.001 0.000 EARN it -0.043 0.018 0.265 0.106 0.085 0.109 0.000 0.000 DA it-1 -0.143 -0.058 0.459 -0.004 -0.033 0.235 0.018 0.292 LTGN it 0.260 0.000 0.440 0.220 0.000 0.414 0.548 0.678