臺大管理論叢 NTU Management Review VOL.29 NO.3

The Mediating Effect of Glass Ceiling Beliefs in the Relationship between Women’s Personality Traits and Their Subjective Career Success 196 2. Big Five Personality Traits The exploration of the structure of personality is quite old, and many psychologists worldwide have contributed to establishing a standard for personality assessment (Allport and Odbert, 1936). Psychologists have assessed personality using different measures by examining multiple traits of human personality through which they can be judged. Goldberg (1990) described personality components in the form of extroversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, which he collaboratively called the Big Five model. People use the Big Five model to assess their personality traits, and organizations also use it for various purposes (Judge et al., 1999). A consensus is emerging among researchers that many salient aspects of personality can be described using the Big Five personality model (Boudreau, Boswell, and Judge, 2001; Goldberg, 1990; McCrae and John, 1992; Tupes and Christal, 1992). The Big Five personality model also provides a standard framework within which many specific constructs of personality can be understood (John and Srivastava, 1999; Wiggins and Trapnell, 1997). Past researchers have highlighted the need to examine personality traits and career success and encouraged use of the Big Five personality factors in this endeavor (Boudreau et al., 2001; McCrae and John, 1992; Tokar, Fischer, and Subich, 1998). Extroverts tend to be more social, talkative, and assertive compared to introverts, who are quiet, reserved, and timid (Tupes and Christal, 1961). Past researchers have found a significant relationship between positive emotions and extroversion (Watson and Clark, 1992). Extroversion plays a special role in social relationships in which there is give and take among the parties (Bernerth, Armenakis, Feild, Giles, and Jack Walker, 2007). Leadership is also related to extroversion, and transformational leadership in particular is positively related to extroverted people (Zopiatis and Constanti, 2012). Neuroticism means the person tends to be nervous, insecure, depressed, and anxious (Tupes and Christal, 1961). Neuroticism is a personality trait that is associated with low self-esteem, and such a trait has a negative impact on a person’s personality (Bernerth et al., 2007). People with low self-esteem avoid taking on challenges, and because of their low level of confidence, they are less attractive to others (Turban and Dougherty, 1994). Neurotic people, as a result of their negative emotional state, perceive the world in a negative way (Watson and Clark, 1984). People with a low score on neuroticism are emotionally stable, calm, secure, and confident (Turban and Dougherty, 1994). People with high emotional stability have higher self-esteem level and are usually called Mount Everest climbers (Judge and LePine, 2007).

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